SENDMAIL(1)                                           SENDMAIL(1)

NAME
       sendmail - Postfix to Sendmail compatibility interface

SYNOPSIS
       sendmail [option ...] [recipient ...]

       mailq
       sendmail -bp

       newaliases
       sendmail -I

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix  sendmail  command  implements the Postfix to
       Sendmail compatibility interface.  For the sake of compat-
       ibility with existing applications, some Sendmail command-
       line options are recognized but silently ignored.

       By default, Postfix sendmail reads a message from standard
       input  until  EOF  or  until it reads a line with only a .
       character, and arranges for  delivery.   Postfix  sendmail
       relies  on  the postdrop(1) command to create a queue file
       in the maildrop directory.

       Specific command aliases are  provided  for  other  common
       modes of operation:

       mailq  List  the  mail  queue.  Each entry shows the queue
              file ID, message size, arrival  time,  sender,  and
              the recipients that still need to be delivered.  If
              mail could not be delivered upon the last  attempt,
              the reason for failure is shown. This mode of oper-
              ation is implemented by executing the  postqueue(1)
              command.

       newaliases
              Initialize the alias database.  If no input file is
              specified (with the -oA  option,  see  below),  the
              program  processes  the  file(s) specified with the
              alias_database  configuration  parameter.   If   no
              alias  database type is specified, the program uses
              the type specified with  the  default_database_type
              configuration parameter.  This mode of operation is
              implemented by running the postalias(1) command.

              Note: it may take a minute or so  before  an  alias
              database  update  becomes  visible. Use the postfix
              reload command to eliminate this delay.

       These and other features can be selected by specifying the
       appropriate combination of command-line options. Some fea-
       tures are controlled by parameters in the main.cf configu-
       ration file.

       The following options are recognized:

       -Am (ignored)

       -Ac (ignored)
              Postfix  sendmail  uses the same configuration file
              regardless of whether or not a message is  an  ini-
              tial submission.

       -B body_type
              The message body MIME type: 7BIT or 8BITMIME.

       -bd    Go  into  daemon  mode.  This  mode of operation is
              implemented by executing the postfix start command.

       -bh (ignored)

       -bH (ignored)
              Postfix has no persistent host status database.

       -bi    Initialize  alias database. See the newaliases com-
              mand above.

       -bm    Read mail  from  standard  input  and  arrange  for
              delivery.  This is the default mode of operation.

       -bp    List the mail queue. See the mailq command above.

       -bs    Stand-alone  SMTP  server  mode. Read SMTP commands
              from standard input, and write responses  to  stan-
              dard output.  In stand-alone SMTP server mode, mail
              relaying and other access controls are disabled  by
              default.  To  enable  them,  run the process as the
              mail_owner user.

              This mode of operation is  implemented  by  running
              the smtpd(8) daemon.

       -bv    Do  not collect or deliver a message. Instead, send
              an email  report  after  verifying  each  recipient
              address.    This  is  useful  for  testing  address
              rewriting and routing configurations.

              This feature is available in  Postfix  version  2.1
              and later.

       -C config_file (ignored)
              The path name of the sendmail.cf file. Postfix con-
              figuration  files  are  kept  in  the  /etc/postfix
              directory.

       -F full_name
              Set  the  sender  full name. This is used only with
              messages that have no From: message header.

       -f sender
              Set  the  envelope  sender  address.  This  is  the
              address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
              the message contains an Errors-To: message  header.

       -G (ignored)
              Gateway  (relay)  submission, as opposed to initial
              user submission.

       -h hop_count (ignored)
              Hop count limit. Use the hopcount_limit  configura-
              tion parameter instead.

       -I     Initialize  alias database. See the newaliases com-
              mand above.

       -i     When reading a message from standard  input,  don't
              treat  a line with only a . character as the end of
              input.

       -L label (ignored)
              The logging label. Use the  syslog_name  configura-
              tion parameter instead.

       -m (ignored)
              Backwards compatibility.

       -N dsn (ignored)
              Delivery  status  notification  control. Currently,
              Postfix does not implement DSN.

       -n (ignored)
              Backwards compatibility.

       -oAalias_database
              Non-default alias  database.  Specify  pathname  or
              type:pathname. See postalias(1) for details.

       -o7 (ignored)

       -o8 (ignored)
              To send 8-bit or binary content, use an appropriate
              MIME encapsulation and specify the  appropriate  -B
              command-line option.

       -oi    When  reading  a message from standard input, don't
              treat a line with only a . character as the end  of
              input.

       -om (ignored)
              The  sender  is  never  eliminated  from alias etc.
              expansions.

       -o x value (ignored)
              Set option x to value. Use the equivalent  configu-
              ration parameter in main.cf instead.

       -r sender
              Set  the  envelope  sender  address.  This  is  the
              address where delivery problems are sent to, unless
              the  message contains an Errors-To: message header.

       -R return_limit (ignored)
              Limit  the  size   of   bounced   mail.   Use   the
              bounce_size_limit  configuration parameter instead.

       -q     Attempt to deliver all queued mail. This is  imple-
              mented by executing the postqueue(1) command.

              Warning:  flushing  undeliverable  mail  frequently
              will result in poor  delivery  performance  of  all
              other mail.

       -qinterval (ignored)
              The   interval   between   queue   runs.   Use  the
              queue_run_delay configuration parameter instead.

       -qRsite
              Schedule immediate delivery of  all  mail  that  is
              queued for the named site. This option accepts only
              site names that are eligible for the  "fast  flush"
              service,   and  is  implemented  by  executing  the
              postqueue(1) command.  See flush(8) for more infor-
              mation about the "fast flush" service.

       -qSsite
              This  command  is  not  implemented. Use the slower
              sendmail -q command instead.

       -t     Extract recipients from message headers. These  are
              added  to  any  recipients specified on the command
              line.

              With Postfix versions prior  to  2.1,  this  option
              requires  that no recipient addresses are specified
              on the command line.

       -U (ignored)
              Initial user submission.

       -V     Variable Envelope Return Path.  Given  an  envelope
              sender  address  of the form owner-listname@origin,
              each recipient user@domain  receives  mail  with  a
              personalized envelope sender address.

              By   default,   the  personalized  envelope  sender
              address is  owner-listname+user=domain@origin.  The
              default  +  and  = characters are configurable with
              the default_verp_delimiters  configuration  parame-
              ter.

              This  feature  is  available in Postfix version 1.1
              and later.

       -Vxy   As -V, but uses x and y as the VERP delimiter char-
              acters,  instead  of  the characters specified with
              the default_verp_delimiters  configuration  parame-
              ter.

       -v     Send  an email report of the first delivery attempt
              (Postfix versions 2.1  and  later).  Mail  delivery
              always  happens in the background. When multiple -v
              options  are  given,  enable  verbose  logging  for
              debugging purposes.

       -X log_file (ignored)
              Log  mailer  traffic.  Use  the debug_peer_list and
              debug_peer_level configuration parameters  instead.

SECURITY
       By  design,  this  program  is not set-user (or group) id.
       However, it must  handle  data  from  untrusted  users  or
       untrusted  machines.   Thus, the usual precautions need to
       be taken against malicious inputs.

DIAGNOSTICS
       Problems are logged to  syslogd(8)  and  to  the  standard
       error stream.

ENVIRONMENT
       MAIL_CONFIG
              Directory with Postfix configuration files.

       MAIL_VERBOSE
              Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes.

       MAIL_DEBUG
              Enable debugging with an external command, as spec-
              ified  with  the   debugger_command   configuration
              parameter.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       The  following  main.cf parameters are especially relevant
       to this program.  The text below provides only a parameter
       summary.  See postconf(5) for more details including exam-
       ples.

TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS
       The DEBUG_README file gives examples  of  how  to  trouble
       shoot a Postfix system.

       debugger_command (empty)
              The external command to execute when a Postfix dae-
              mon program is invoked with the -D option.

       debug_peer_level (2)
              The increment  in  verbose  logging  level  when  a
              remote  client  or  server matches a pattern in the
              debug_peer_list parameter.

       debug_peer_list (empty)
              Optional list of remote client or  server  hostname
              or  network address patterns that cause the verbose
              logging level to increase by the  amount  specified
              in $debug_peer_level.

RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS
       bounce_size_limit (50000)
              The maximal amount of original message text that is
              sent in a non-delivery notification.

       fork_attempts (5)
              The maximal number of attempts to  fork()  a  child
              process.

       fork_delay (1s)
              The  delay  between attempts to fork() a child pro-
              cess.

       hopcount_limit (50)
              The maximal number of  Received:   message  headers
              that is allowed in the primary message headers.

       queue_run_delay (1000s)
              The  time between deferred queue scans by the queue
              manager.

FAST FLUSH CONTROLS
       The ETRN_README file describes configuration and operation
       details for the Postfix "fast flush" service.

       fast_flush_domains ($relay_domains)
              Optional list of destinations that are eligible for
              per-destination logfiles with mail that  is  queued
              to those destinations.

VERP CONTROLS
       The VERP_README file describes configuration and operation
       details of Postfix support for  variable  envelope  return
       path addresses.

       default_verp_delimiters (+=)
              The two default VERP delimiter characters.

       verp_delimiter_filter (-=+)
              The  characters  Postfix  accepts as VERP delimiter
              characters on the Postfix sendmail(1) command  line
              and in SMTP commands.

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
       alias_database (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The  alias databases for local(8) delivery that are
              updated with "newaliases" or with "sendmail -bi".

       command_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of  all  postfix  administrative  com-
              mands.

       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The  default  location  of  the Postfix main.cf and
              master.cf configuration files.

       daemon_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The directory with  Postfix  support  programs  and
              daemon programs.

       default_database_type (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The default database type for use in newaliases(1),
              postalias(1) and postmap(1) commands.

       delay_warning_time (0h)
              The time after which the sender receives  the  mes-
              sage headers of mail that is still queued.

       mail_owner (postfix)
              The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue
              and most Postfix daemon processes.

       queue_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
              The location of the Postfix top-level queue  direc-
              tory.

       syslog_facility (mail)
              The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (postfix)
              The  mail system name that is prepended to the pro-
              cess  name  in  syslog  records,  so  that  "smtpd"
              becomes, for example, "postfix/smtpd".

       trigger_timeout (10s)
              The  time  limit for sending a trigger to a Postfix
              daemon (for example, the pickup(8) or qmgr(8)  dae-
              mon).

FILES
       /var/spool/postfix, mail queue
       /etc/postfix, configuration files

SEE ALSO
       pickup(8), mail pickup daemon
       qmgr(8), queue manager
       smtpd(8), SMTP server
       flush(8), fast flush service
       postsuper(1), queue maintenance
       postalias(1), create/update/query alias database
       postdrop(1), mail posting utility
       postfix(1), mail system control
       postqueue(1), mail queue control
       syslogd(8), system logging

README_FILES
       DEBUG_README, Postfix debugging howto
       ETRN_README, Postfix ETRN howto
       VERP_README, Postfix VERP howto

LICENSE
       The  Secure  Mailer  license must be distributed with this
       software.

AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

                                                      SENDMAIL(1)